The Plastic Bag Distraction
Joe Moncarz 2019
The banning of single-use plastic bags is the latest in a never-ending parade of distractions meant to lull us into thinking that modern civilisation is becoming more “environmentally friendly” and that the elite, corporations and their bureaucrat servants are capable of doing the right thing. It's also meant to distract us from considering what really needs to be done to deal with climate crisis, to avoid total ecological collapse, and to solve the many worsening social problems around us. Our failure to recognise this latest plastic bag distraction as a distraction is a result of having lost the ability to even identify what is important, what is real, what should be a priority and what is bullshit. Part of the reason why we've lost the ability to distinguish the real from bullshit is that our entire lives have been reduced to nothing but an endless string of distractions – i.e., lives of bullshit.
Before looking at the bigger distraction picture, let's look at plastic bags. It's a distraction from the fact that all plastic has to go. Plastic is made directly out of oil and requires destroying and poisoning the Earth to manufacture, releasing thousands of toxic chemicals, its existence is completely unnecessary (humans lived without plastic for more than two million years) and plastics continue to poison and kill for thousands of years after they're thrown away. (CIEL 2019) How will stopping single-use plastic bags change anything when plastic manufacturers plan on quadrupling production? (Gould 2016; Qualman 2017) This is why its a distraction. In the end, we still lose.
Similarly, the push to ban BPA from plastic bottles was another distraction. Everyone felt they were doing the right thing and making bottles safer. Hardly. Corporations simply replaced bisphenol-A with bisphenol-S, which now appears to be just as bad, if not worse. (Bilbrey 2014) All that struggle and we still lose, because we're not asking the bigger questions. The appropriate question to ask would have been, why are any of the more than 80,000 synthetic chemicals made at all? (Chilikov 2010; Gray 2010; McGinn 2000; NRDC “Toxic”) And then from there you'd ask, why do corporations exist? Why does profit exist? And finally, who decided that this is how life should be? (Bakan 2005; Jensen 2006; McMillan 2015; Scott 2017)
As you can see, asking too many questions is dangerous to the elite and those in power. (Levine 2012) That's why we're trained to accept lives of distraction. It starts when we're kids and we have to spend every day in institutions of distraction – schools. We'd rather be playing outside and discovering the world as we evolved to do, but instead we're forced by law to sit inside behind walls, to do “work” and “to learn”. Of course, we never learn what's really important or how the world really is. Instead we're trained to be passive and obedient and to accept that we can't do what we actually want, and to accept lives of distractions. School distractions include all the bullshit work kids are forced to do in class, the homework, the tests, and traveling to and from school each day. Along the way we're also bullied, stressed, drugged, made insecure, socially and emotionally crippled and rendered generally ignorant. (Gatto 2002, 2010; Mwanzia 2013) Once we go to university, this all continues and we have to again prove how passive and obedient we'll be. (Schmidt 2000)
From there, if we still have any hope of living meaningfully, that's quickly squashed by having to “get a job” and “pay the bills”. We have to pay to live on the planet – a first for any species. That effectively will distract us for our entire adult lives, as we readily accept without questioning that the point of living is to be exploited – which is what all jobs are. (McMillan 2015) We even come to believe that the more we allow ourselves to be exploited, the more virtuous we are – what a distraction! This is called the “work ethic” and it's drilled into us from when we start school.
Along the way we also have plenty of distractions that we willingly choose. This includes video games, internet, movies and TV, cellphones, shopping malls, drinking, smoking, drugs, gambling, sports (playing or watching), nightclubs, pornography, organised religion, amusement parks, zoos, aquariums, circuses, pop music, concerts, fast food, cafes and restaurants, and most of what we call “hobbies”. These we generally choose as coping mechanisms from being abused by schools, abused by work and abused by this social arrangement we call civilisation.
The mass media, working on behalf of the elite, do an excellent job of distracting us. The plastic bag distraction is one example. The media works so well because of how they ask the questions and they frame how we think of the world. They repeat the questions they want us to ask. In other words, they program us. (Chomsky and Herman 2002) In the plastic bag example, the media repeat over and over, “We need to get rid of single-use plastic bags.” And sure, we think to ourselves, that sounds reasonable. Single-use plastic bags shouldn't exist. But the media will never say, “We need to get rid of all plastic.” Because that threatens the system. They don't want you thinking that way.
The media will often distract us by what this or that politician said, like royalty, as if we should care. But they'll never raise the issue of whether having politicans at all actually helps us.
The media will distract us with a famous person's racist comments, as if it's just a few rotten people, but no one will ever raise the fact that the European and neo-European nations are all inherently racist, including all their institutions, such as schools, courts and police, which no one talks about.
We'll be distracted by this or that famous person's sexist or misogynist remarks, but no one will raise the fact that civilisations, by virtue of all being dependent on agriculture, are all patriarchal and hence all sexist and misogynist, and that civilisation is the problem. (Lerner 1986; Zerzan 2018)
We'll be distracted by an endless parade of scandals, corruption, crime, political games, scientific studies and “discoveries”, celebrity gossip and any other mindless crap the media can get their hands on.
Now, if you happen to be less distracted than most people and you see what's going on in the world and want to do something about it, there are many distraction traps to fall into as well. Green consumption is a favourite. The media, corporations and all mainstream environmental and social activists push this. Al Gore, at the end of his 2006 film “An Inconvenient Truth”, pushes all the things people can buy to help deal with climate change, none of which will actually make a difference. But most people fall into this trap. This includes buying electric cars and solar panels. These last two are very big distractions, actually just examples of magical thinking.
“Renewable energy” and talk of a “Green New Deal” is part of this delusion. If you care about the planet, this is the perfect distraction, regardless of reality. The climate problem solved in such a nice package – as long as you're ecologically ignorant and don't think too much. But mining and extraction remains. Factories remain. Toxic chemicals remain. The laws of thermodynamics remain. The law of unintended consequences remain. And, in fact, burning fossil fuels increases – because that's the only way to power all the extraction, production, distribution, maintenance and disposal required for all the glorious renewable energy people are fantasizing about. (Friedemann 2019; Huessemann 2011; Makarieva 2008; Parrique 2019; Smil 2012; Trainer 2010; Vartabedian 2012; Waldermann 2009; Zehner 2012)
Which leads us to the question, who decided that “renewable energy” is the solution?
And more importantly, why the hell do we need all that energy? That's the big question that's never asked. (Illich 2000; Nikiforuk 2014)
With “renewable energy” the car culture remains, too. What's interesting here is that people are upset that plastic bags end up in the oceans and kills roughly 200,000 marine animals each year. Compare that to the car. Cars kill one million animals each day in the U.S. alone. (Bekoff 2010; Kelleher 2015) A Brazilian study estimated 1.3 million animals are killed there each day. (Guimarães 2015) Millions of birds are killed on European roads each year. Plus more than one million humans are killed each year in car accidents. (WHO 2018) Add on millions killed or diseased from toxic air pollution, oil drilling, oil wars and so on. Forget plastic bags. Destroy the car culture!
We're also distracted with all the other ways we can “make change”. Voting, and the idiotic campaigns of endless lies that go along with elections, are a huge distraction. Yet somehow no one seems to notice that voting accomplishes nothing. Remember Emma Goldman's wise words, “If voting changed anything they'd make it illegal.”
Petitions, protests, vigils, marches, and publicity stunts are other distractions. They make us feel good but accomplish nothing. They're forms of begging. If they were effective, the world would now be in better shape. But it's important that we're directed to these methods of “doing something” because hell, the elite definitely do not want us to engage in direct action and take things into our own hands – in Malcolm X's wonderful words,“by any means necessary”. We might start asking, What are we waiting for? Why can't we just organise and fix things ourselves? What other actions can we take to get the job done? What have people done in the past? What has been most effective?
Which is precisely why we need to be distracted, whether it's plastic bags, cocaine, voting, screens, school or Disney. From an early age, and then constantly. To make sure we never, ever, ever ask the wrong questions.
Because ultimately we would start asking:
Before looking at the bigger distraction picture, let's look at plastic bags. It's a distraction from the fact that all plastic has to go. Plastic is made directly out of oil and requires destroying and poisoning the Earth to manufacture, releasing thousands of toxic chemicals, its existence is completely unnecessary (humans lived without plastic for more than two million years) and plastics continue to poison and kill for thousands of years after they're thrown away. (CIEL 2019) How will stopping single-use plastic bags change anything when plastic manufacturers plan on quadrupling production? (Gould 2016; Qualman 2017) This is why its a distraction. In the end, we still lose.
Similarly, the push to ban BPA from plastic bottles was another distraction. Everyone felt they were doing the right thing and making bottles safer. Hardly. Corporations simply replaced bisphenol-A with bisphenol-S, which now appears to be just as bad, if not worse. (Bilbrey 2014) All that struggle and we still lose, because we're not asking the bigger questions. The appropriate question to ask would have been, why are any of the more than 80,000 synthetic chemicals made at all? (Chilikov 2010; Gray 2010; McGinn 2000; NRDC “Toxic”) And then from there you'd ask, why do corporations exist? Why does profit exist? And finally, who decided that this is how life should be? (Bakan 2005; Jensen 2006; McMillan 2015; Scott 2017)
As you can see, asking too many questions is dangerous to the elite and those in power. (Levine 2012) That's why we're trained to accept lives of distraction. It starts when we're kids and we have to spend every day in institutions of distraction – schools. We'd rather be playing outside and discovering the world as we evolved to do, but instead we're forced by law to sit inside behind walls, to do “work” and “to learn”. Of course, we never learn what's really important or how the world really is. Instead we're trained to be passive and obedient and to accept that we can't do what we actually want, and to accept lives of distractions. School distractions include all the bullshit work kids are forced to do in class, the homework, the tests, and traveling to and from school each day. Along the way we're also bullied, stressed, drugged, made insecure, socially and emotionally crippled and rendered generally ignorant. (Gatto 2002, 2010; Mwanzia 2013) Once we go to university, this all continues and we have to again prove how passive and obedient we'll be. (Schmidt 2000)
From there, if we still have any hope of living meaningfully, that's quickly squashed by having to “get a job” and “pay the bills”. We have to pay to live on the planet – a first for any species. That effectively will distract us for our entire adult lives, as we readily accept without questioning that the point of living is to be exploited – which is what all jobs are. (McMillan 2015) We even come to believe that the more we allow ourselves to be exploited, the more virtuous we are – what a distraction! This is called the “work ethic” and it's drilled into us from when we start school.
Along the way we also have plenty of distractions that we willingly choose. This includes video games, internet, movies and TV, cellphones, shopping malls, drinking, smoking, drugs, gambling, sports (playing or watching), nightclubs, pornography, organised religion, amusement parks, zoos, aquariums, circuses, pop music, concerts, fast food, cafes and restaurants, and most of what we call “hobbies”. These we generally choose as coping mechanisms from being abused by schools, abused by work and abused by this social arrangement we call civilisation.
The mass media, working on behalf of the elite, do an excellent job of distracting us. The plastic bag distraction is one example. The media works so well because of how they ask the questions and they frame how we think of the world. They repeat the questions they want us to ask. In other words, they program us. (Chomsky and Herman 2002) In the plastic bag example, the media repeat over and over, “We need to get rid of single-use plastic bags.” And sure, we think to ourselves, that sounds reasonable. Single-use plastic bags shouldn't exist. But the media will never say, “We need to get rid of all plastic.” Because that threatens the system. They don't want you thinking that way.
The media will often distract us by what this or that politician said, like royalty, as if we should care. But they'll never raise the issue of whether having politicans at all actually helps us.
The media will distract us with a famous person's racist comments, as if it's just a few rotten people, but no one will ever raise the fact that the European and neo-European nations are all inherently racist, including all their institutions, such as schools, courts and police, which no one talks about.
We'll be distracted by this or that famous person's sexist or misogynist remarks, but no one will raise the fact that civilisations, by virtue of all being dependent on agriculture, are all patriarchal and hence all sexist and misogynist, and that civilisation is the problem. (Lerner 1986; Zerzan 2018)
We'll be distracted by an endless parade of scandals, corruption, crime, political games, scientific studies and “discoveries”, celebrity gossip and any other mindless crap the media can get their hands on.
Now, if you happen to be less distracted than most people and you see what's going on in the world and want to do something about it, there are many distraction traps to fall into as well. Green consumption is a favourite. The media, corporations and all mainstream environmental and social activists push this. Al Gore, at the end of his 2006 film “An Inconvenient Truth”, pushes all the things people can buy to help deal with climate change, none of which will actually make a difference. But most people fall into this trap. This includes buying electric cars and solar panels. These last two are very big distractions, actually just examples of magical thinking.
“Renewable energy” and talk of a “Green New Deal” is part of this delusion. If you care about the planet, this is the perfect distraction, regardless of reality. The climate problem solved in such a nice package – as long as you're ecologically ignorant and don't think too much. But mining and extraction remains. Factories remain. Toxic chemicals remain. The laws of thermodynamics remain. The law of unintended consequences remain. And, in fact, burning fossil fuels increases – because that's the only way to power all the extraction, production, distribution, maintenance and disposal required for all the glorious renewable energy people are fantasizing about. (Friedemann 2019; Huessemann 2011; Makarieva 2008; Parrique 2019; Smil 2012; Trainer 2010; Vartabedian 2012; Waldermann 2009; Zehner 2012)
Which leads us to the question, who decided that “renewable energy” is the solution?
And more importantly, why the hell do we need all that energy? That's the big question that's never asked. (Illich 2000; Nikiforuk 2014)
With “renewable energy” the car culture remains, too. What's interesting here is that people are upset that plastic bags end up in the oceans and kills roughly 200,000 marine animals each year. Compare that to the car. Cars kill one million animals each day in the U.S. alone. (Bekoff 2010; Kelleher 2015) A Brazilian study estimated 1.3 million animals are killed there each day. (Guimarães 2015) Millions of birds are killed on European roads each year. Plus more than one million humans are killed each year in car accidents. (WHO 2018) Add on millions killed or diseased from toxic air pollution, oil drilling, oil wars and so on. Forget plastic bags. Destroy the car culture!
We're also distracted with all the other ways we can “make change”. Voting, and the idiotic campaigns of endless lies that go along with elections, are a huge distraction. Yet somehow no one seems to notice that voting accomplishes nothing. Remember Emma Goldman's wise words, “If voting changed anything they'd make it illegal.”
Petitions, protests, vigils, marches, and publicity stunts are other distractions. They make us feel good but accomplish nothing. They're forms of begging. If they were effective, the world would now be in better shape. But it's important that we're directed to these methods of “doing something” because hell, the elite definitely do not want us to engage in direct action and take things into our own hands – in Malcolm X's wonderful words,“by any means necessary”. We might start asking, What are we waiting for? Why can't we just organise and fix things ourselves? What other actions can we take to get the job done? What have people done in the past? What has been most effective?
Which is precisely why we need to be distracted, whether it's plastic bags, cocaine, voting, screens, school or Disney. From an early age, and then constantly. To make sure we never, ever, ever ask the wrong questions.
Because ultimately we would start asking:
- What is the natural way for humans to live?
- How did humans live for two million years before civilisations arose? (Sahlins 2009; Woodburn 1982)
- Has civilisation actually been an improvement? (Diamond 1987; Ponting 2007)
- Why do we put up with all this crap?
References:
Bakan, Joel. (2005). The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power. Free Press.
Bekoff, Marc. (2010, July 21). “Animals and cars: One million animals are killed on our roads every day”. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/201007/animals-and-cars-one-million-animals-are-killed-our-roads-every-day
Bilbrey, Jenna. (2014, August 11). “BPA-Free Plastic Containers May Be Just As Hazardous”. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bpa-free-plastic-containers-may-be-just-as-hazardous/
Chilikov, Nalini. (2010, December 15). “Everyday Exposures to Toxic Chemicals: Is Your Family Safe?” Huffpost. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/everyday-exposures-to-toxic-chemicals_b_796520
Chomsky, Noam and Ed Herman. (1994). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. Vintage
(CIEL) Center for International Environmental Law. (2019). Plastic & Climate: The Hidden Costs of a Plastic Planet. Retrieved from https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Plastic-and-Climate-Executive-Summary-2019.pdf
Diamond, Jared. (1987, May). “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race”. Discover Magazine. Retrieved from http://discovermagazine.com/1987/may/02-the-worst-mistake-in-the-history-of-the-human-race
Friedemann, Alice. (2019, July 20). “Germany’s renewable energy program, Energiewende, is a big, expensive failure”. Energy Skeptic. Retrieved from http://energyskeptic.com/2019/germanys-renewable-energy-program-energiewende-is-a-big-expensive-failure/
Gatto, John Taylor. (2002). Dumbing Us Down: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling. New Society Publishers.
Gatto, John Taylor. (2010). Weapons of Mass Instruction: A Schoolteacher’s Journey Through the Dark World of Compulsory Schooling. New Society Publishers.
Gould, Hannah. (2016, January 20). “From Oil Use to Ocean Pollution: Five Facts About the Plastics Industry”. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/jan/20/from-oil-use-to-ocean-pollution-five-facts-about-the-plastics-industry
Gray, Janet. (2010). State of the Evidence: The Connection Between Breast Cancer and the Environment. p. 14. Breast Cancer Fund. Retrieved from https://d124kohvtzl951.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/02025340/Report_State-of-the-Evidence_July_2010.pdf
Guimarães, Thiago. (2015, October 2). “A principal causa da morte de animais silvestres no Brasil”. BBC News Brasil. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2015/10/150924_atropelamentos_fauna_tg
Huessemann, Michael and Joyce Huessemann. (2011). Techno-Fix: Why Technology Won’t Save Us or the Planet. New Society Publishers.
Illich, Ivan. (2000). Energy and Equity. Marion Boyars.
Jensen, Derrick. (2006). Endgame, Volume One: The Problem of Civilization. Seven Stories Press.
Kelleher, Solon. (2015, October 7). “More Animals Are Killed By Cars Each Day Than We Ever Could Have Imagined”. The Dodo. Retrieved from https://www.thedodo.com/road-kill-every-day-1392772624.html
Lerner, Gerda. (1986). The Creation of Patriarchy. Oxford University Press.
Levine, Bruce. (2012, February 26). “Why Anti-Authoritarians are Diagnosed as Mentally Ill”. Mad in America. Retrieved from https://www.madinamerica.com/2012/02/why-anti-authoritarians-are-diagnosed-as-mentally-ill/
Makarieva, Anastassia M., Victor G. Gorshkova, and Bai-Lian Li. (2008). “Energy budget of the biosphere and civilization: Rethinkingenvironmental security of global renewable andnon-renewable resources”. Ecological Complexity. Retrieved from http://www.bioticregulation.ru/common/pdf/energy08.pdf
Mander, Jerry. (2012). The Capitalism Papers: Fatal Flaws of an Obsolete System. Counterpoint.
McGinn, Anne Platt. (2000). Worldwatch Paper#153: Why Poison Ourselves? A Precautionary Approach to Synthetic Chemicals. Worldwatch Institute. Retrieved from http://www.worldwatch.org/node/837
McMillan, Stephanie. (2015). Capitalism Must Die! A Basic Introduction to Capitalism: What it is, Why it Sucks, and How to Crush it. Idees Nouvelles, Idees Proletairiennes.
Mwanzia, Jessica. (2013). So, What's Wrong With School? 125 Reasons Not to Send Your Kids. Lulu Publishing.
Nikiforuk, Andrew. (2014). The Energy of Slaves: Oil and the New Servitude. Greystone Books.
(NRDC) National Resources Defense Council. “Toxic Chemicals”. Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/issues/toxic-chemicals#priority-why-matters
Parrique T., Barth J., Briens F., C. Kerschner, Kraus-Polk A., Kuokkanen A., Spangenberg J.H., (2019). Decoupling Debunked: Evidence and Arguments Against Green Growth as a Sole Strategy for Sustainability. European Environmental Bureau. Retrieved from https://mk0eeborgicuypctuf7e.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Decoupling-Debunked-FULL-for-ONLINE.pdf
Ponting, Clive. (2007). A New Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations. Penguin.
Qualman, Darrin. (2017, December 17). “Global Plastics Production, 1917 to 2050”. Darrin Qualmans. Retrieved from https://www.darrinqualman.com/global-plastics-production/
Sahlins, Marshall. (2009). "Hunter-Gatherers: Insights from a Golden Affluent Age". Retrieved from http://pacificecologist.org/archive/18/pe18-hunter-gatherers.pdf
Schmidt, Jeff. (2000). Disciplined Minds: A Critical Look at Salaried Professionals and the Soul-Batering System that Shapes Their Lives. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
SciNews. (2017, February 7). “Scientists Categorize Earth as a 'Toxic Planet'”. Phys.org. Retrieved from https://phys.org/news/2017-02-scientists-categorize-earth-toxic-planet.html
Scott, James C. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. Yale University Press.
Smil, Vaclav. (2012, June 28). “A Skeptic Looks at Alternative Energy”. IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved from http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/a-skeptic-looks-at-alternative-energy/0
Trainer, Ted. (2010). Renewable Energy Cannot Sustain a Consumer Society. Springer.
Vartabedian, Ralph. (2012, December 9). “Rise in Renewable Energy will Require More Use of Fossil Fuels”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-dec-09-la-me-unreliable-power-20121210-story.html
Waldermann, Anselm. (2009, February 10). “Wind Turbines in Europe Do Nothing for Emissions-Reduction Goals”. Spiegel Online. Retrieved from https://www.spiegel.de/international/business/climate-change-paradox-wind-turbines-in-europe-do-nothing-for-emissions-reduction-goals-a-606763.html
(WHO) World Health Organization. (2018). “ Global status report on road safety 2018: summary”. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/277370/WHO-NMH-NVI-18.20-eng.pdf?ua=1
Woodburn, James. (1982). "Egalitarian Societies". Retrieved from http://web.mnstate.edu/robertsb/380/egalitarian%20societies.pdf
Zehner, Ozzie. (2012). Green Illusions: The Dirty Secrets of Clean Energy and the Future of Environmentalism. University of Nebraska Press.
Zerzan, John. (2018). A People's History of Civilization. Feral House.
Bakan, Joel. (2005). The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power. Free Press.
Bekoff, Marc. (2010, July 21). “Animals and cars: One million animals are killed on our roads every day”. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/201007/animals-and-cars-one-million-animals-are-killed-our-roads-every-day
Bilbrey, Jenna. (2014, August 11). “BPA-Free Plastic Containers May Be Just As Hazardous”. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bpa-free-plastic-containers-may-be-just-as-hazardous/
Chilikov, Nalini. (2010, December 15). “Everyday Exposures to Toxic Chemicals: Is Your Family Safe?” Huffpost. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/everyday-exposures-to-toxic-chemicals_b_796520
Chomsky, Noam and Ed Herman. (1994). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. Vintage
(CIEL) Center for International Environmental Law. (2019). Plastic & Climate: The Hidden Costs of a Plastic Planet. Retrieved from https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Plastic-and-Climate-Executive-Summary-2019.pdf
Diamond, Jared. (1987, May). “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race”. Discover Magazine. Retrieved from http://discovermagazine.com/1987/may/02-the-worst-mistake-in-the-history-of-the-human-race
Friedemann, Alice. (2019, July 20). “Germany’s renewable energy program, Energiewende, is a big, expensive failure”. Energy Skeptic. Retrieved from http://energyskeptic.com/2019/germanys-renewable-energy-program-energiewende-is-a-big-expensive-failure/
Gatto, John Taylor. (2002). Dumbing Us Down: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling. New Society Publishers.
Gatto, John Taylor. (2010). Weapons of Mass Instruction: A Schoolteacher’s Journey Through the Dark World of Compulsory Schooling. New Society Publishers.
Gould, Hannah. (2016, January 20). “From Oil Use to Ocean Pollution: Five Facts About the Plastics Industry”. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/jan/20/from-oil-use-to-ocean-pollution-five-facts-about-the-plastics-industry
Gray, Janet. (2010). State of the Evidence: The Connection Between Breast Cancer and the Environment. p. 14. Breast Cancer Fund. Retrieved from https://d124kohvtzl951.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/02025340/Report_State-of-the-Evidence_July_2010.pdf
Guimarães, Thiago. (2015, October 2). “A principal causa da morte de animais silvestres no Brasil”. BBC News Brasil. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2015/10/150924_atropelamentos_fauna_tg
Huessemann, Michael and Joyce Huessemann. (2011). Techno-Fix: Why Technology Won’t Save Us or the Planet. New Society Publishers.
Illich, Ivan. (2000). Energy and Equity. Marion Boyars.
Jensen, Derrick. (2006). Endgame, Volume One: The Problem of Civilization. Seven Stories Press.
Kelleher, Solon. (2015, October 7). “More Animals Are Killed By Cars Each Day Than We Ever Could Have Imagined”. The Dodo. Retrieved from https://www.thedodo.com/road-kill-every-day-1392772624.html
Lerner, Gerda. (1986). The Creation of Patriarchy. Oxford University Press.
Levine, Bruce. (2012, February 26). “Why Anti-Authoritarians are Diagnosed as Mentally Ill”. Mad in America. Retrieved from https://www.madinamerica.com/2012/02/why-anti-authoritarians-are-diagnosed-as-mentally-ill/
Makarieva, Anastassia M., Victor G. Gorshkova, and Bai-Lian Li. (2008). “Energy budget of the biosphere and civilization: Rethinkingenvironmental security of global renewable andnon-renewable resources”. Ecological Complexity. Retrieved from http://www.bioticregulation.ru/common/pdf/energy08.pdf
Mander, Jerry. (2012). The Capitalism Papers: Fatal Flaws of an Obsolete System. Counterpoint.
McGinn, Anne Platt. (2000). Worldwatch Paper#153: Why Poison Ourselves? A Precautionary Approach to Synthetic Chemicals. Worldwatch Institute. Retrieved from http://www.worldwatch.org/node/837
McMillan, Stephanie. (2015). Capitalism Must Die! A Basic Introduction to Capitalism: What it is, Why it Sucks, and How to Crush it. Idees Nouvelles, Idees Proletairiennes.
Mwanzia, Jessica. (2013). So, What's Wrong With School? 125 Reasons Not to Send Your Kids. Lulu Publishing.
Nikiforuk, Andrew. (2014). The Energy of Slaves: Oil and the New Servitude. Greystone Books.
(NRDC) National Resources Defense Council. “Toxic Chemicals”. Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/issues/toxic-chemicals#priority-why-matters
Parrique T., Barth J., Briens F., C. Kerschner, Kraus-Polk A., Kuokkanen A., Spangenberg J.H., (2019). Decoupling Debunked: Evidence and Arguments Against Green Growth as a Sole Strategy for Sustainability. European Environmental Bureau. Retrieved from https://mk0eeborgicuypctuf7e.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Decoupling-Debunked-FULL-for-ONLINE.pdf
Ponting, Clive. (2007). A New Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations. Penguin.
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